Coronavirus and Fear

by Danielle Ofri
Stat News

It was a Thursday evening in the fall of 2014, the end of one of those hectic days in the clinic at Bellevue Hospital —hardly a moment between patients and the computer system having epileptic fits. When I finally made my way out of the hospital’s atrium, my head was still swimming in all my patients’ issues. Suddenly I found myself up against a phalanx of news trucks parked in front of the hospital. There was a cackle of urgency in the air, with reporters and camera crews shooting live broadcasts up and down the block.

And then I realized: Ebola had arrived.

At the start of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, there was chatter among staff — half joking, half serious — that if Ebola was going to come to the U.S., it would surely come to Bellevue. But as the epidemic crescendoed in Africa, the chatter became serious and planning began in earnest. A high-tech isolation ward was created, with its own laboratory and waste-removal system. A specialized medical team underwent exhaustive training.

In the clinic, my office — being closest to the hospital’s entrance — was designated as the Ebola isolation room, should any patient arrive with worrisome symptoms. Respirator masks, gowns, eye shields, gloves, and copies of emergency protocols were piled onto every available surface. Maintenance workers sawed a hole in my door for a glass window to enable communication with potentially infected patients from a distance.

Even with all of that preparation, I can’t deny that a pulse of fear rippled through the hospital when Craig Spencer, a doctor who’d been treating Ebola patients in Guinea, tested positive. It’s one thing to read aboutEbola. It’s quite another to have it in your midst.

Fear is a primal emotion, and to pretend that the medical staff are any less susceptible than the general public is folly. Fear is part of what motivates us to learn our craft better—we don’t want to harm our patients, we don’t want to fail our board exams, we don’t want to look stupid on rounds. Fear also instills an appropriate humility about medicine: these are human beings we are taking care of, after all, not credit card charges or airline tickets. We should have a healthy fear before we unleash any medical intervention upon them. The fearless machismo that used to be lauded in hospital corridors is now rightly viewed as a danger to patients.

At times, though, fear can be overwhelming, even paralyzing. Every doctor and nurse can tell you—perhaps more than you’d really care to know—about times when they were incapacitated by fear. This diminishes with training and experience, but fear never goes away, and probably shouldn’t.

I sometimes feel as though we need to negotiate an armistice of sorts with our fears. There is a certain amount of salutary fear we need to accept, the kind that keeps us respectful of the high stakes in caring for patients. But we also have to recognize that there are irrational fears, the kinds that are not necessarily allayed by data.

For nearly three centuries, Bellevue has been on the front lines of public health—yellow fever, Spanish flu, polio, cholera, AIDS, and tuberculosis. This is a point of pride among the staff, though it can be tinged with grim resignation. Times were bleak indeed when we were swamped with AIDS patients back in the 1980s and 1990s. It was early in the epidemic, when both treatments and scientific knowledge were in short supply and patients often struggled to obtain medical care.

So it was with awe and pride that I witnessed my colleagues skillfully caring for patients who had been shunned elsewhere. Was there fear when we handled needles with contaminated blood? For sure. But there was also compassion. Our role models were those who removed their gloves to hold their patients’ hands, skin to skin — a triumph of science and humanity over superstition.

Twenty-five years later, healthcare workers like Dr. Spencer assumed that mantle, heading straight for the frontlines of the epidemic in West Africa. When Dr. Spencer became our patient at Bellevue, there was a sense that we were taking care of one of the family. Among the Bellevue staff today, there has been a collective deep breath as we face the next emerging pathogen. There are a few nervous jitters, but an overall sense of determination. A public hospital like ours, by definition, has its doors open to all. And if it’s HIV or Ebola or coronavirus that’s crossing the threshold, so be it.

Much of the fears we have to face, in fact, are those expressed by our patients. Misinformation abounds, and a lot of our time these days is spent reassuring our patients. (No, you don’t need to wear a mask on the subway. Yes, you should still get a flu shot.) Coronavirus is new, and the medical community is still figuring out the facts. We have to remember what it felt like when HIV seemed like the black plague incarnate. Luckily, level heads eventually prevailed: clinicians treated their patients, public health officials pounded the pavement, activists kept up the heat, research kicked into high gear, and today HIV sits prosaically alongside cancer, diabetes and heart disease. It’s just another ordinary illness that we treat. Complex, yes, but treatable. The same will likely happen with coronavirus. We need to acknowledge our fears — the rational and the irrational — and then tuck them away in one of the many pockets of our white coats. There’s work to be done.

Meanwhile, the sawed-in window still graces my office door. Mostly I keep it covered with sheets of copy paper to protect patient privacy (and block out the view of the restroom across the hall). But when the first patient arrives with symptoms that might suggest coronavirus, I’ll be tearing those sheets down.